[Answer] A routine pre-natal ultrasound detects a life-threatening heart defect in a fetus prior to delivery. Standard care allowing the fetus to come to deliver and then repairing the defect is associated with significant fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. There is an experimental in utero surgical procedure that may have less morbidity and mortality. Which of the following is true?

Answer: Consent must be obtained from the mother and the father of the fetus (if he is available). - If the research has the prospect of direct benefit only to the fetus then consent of both the pregnant woman and the father of the fetus are required. The father's informed consent also need not be secured if his identity or whereabouts cannot reasonably be ascertained he is not reasonably available or the pregnancy resulted from rape.

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A routine pre-natal ultrasound detects a life-threatening heart defect in a fetus prior to delivery. Standard care allowing the fetus to come to deliver and then repairing the defect is associate...

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