[Answer] Where does translation occur?

Answer: -in the cytoplasm

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Where does translation occur? In molecular biology and genetics translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus. The entire process is called gene expression. In translation messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded in a ribosome outside the nucleus to produce a specific amino acid chain or polypeptide. Th… In molecular biology and genetics translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus. The entire process is called gene expression. In translation messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded in a ribosome outside the nucleus to produce a specific amino acid chain or polypeptide. The polypeptide later folds into an active protein and performs its functions in the cell. The ribosome facilitates decoding by inducing the binding of complementary tRNA anticodon sequences to mRNA codons. The tRNAs carry specific amino acids that are chained together into a polypeptide as the mRNA passes through and is "read" by the ribosome. Translation proceeds in three phases: Initiation: The ribosome assembles around the target mRNA. The first tRNA is attached at the start codon.Elongation: The last tRNA validated by the small ribosomal subunit (accommodation) transfers the amino acid it carries to the large ribosomal subunit which binds it to the one of the precedingly admitted tRNA (transpeptidation). The ribosome then moves to the next mRNA codon to continue the process (translocation) creating an amino acid chain.Termination: When a stop codon is reached the ribosome releases the polypeptide.In prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) translation occurs in the cytoplasm where the large and small subunits of the ribosome bind to the mRNA. In eukaryotes translation occurs in the cytosol or across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum in a process called co-translational translocation. In co-translational translocation the entire ribosome/mRNA complex binds to the outer membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the new protein is synthesized and released into the ER; the newly created polypeptide can be stored inside the ER for future vesicle transport and secretion outside the cell or immediately secreted. Many types of transcribed RNA such as transfer RNA ribosomal RNA and s… Read more on Wikipedia The basic process of protein production is addition of one amino acid at a time to the end of a protein. This operation is performed by a ribosome . A ribosome is made up of two subunits a small subunit and a large subunit. These subunits come together before translation of mRNA into a protein to provide a location for translation to be carried out and a polypeptide to be produced. The choice of amin… The basic process of protein production is addition of one amino acid at a time to the end of a protein. This operation is performed by a ribosome . A ribosome is made up of two subunits a small subunit and a large subunit. These subunits come together before translation of mRNA into a protein to provide a location for translation to be carried out and a polypeptide to be produced. The choice of amino acid type to add is determined by an mRNA molecule. Each amino acid added is matched to ...

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