Answer: D
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Which polynomial is factored completely?
Polynomial rings over the integers or over a field are unique factorization domains. This means that every element of these rings is a product of a constant and a product of irreducible polynomials (those that are not the product of two non-constant polynomials). Moreover this decomposition is unique up to multiplication of the factors by invertible constants. Factorization depends on the base field. For example the fundamental theorem of algebra which state…
The theory of finite fields whose origins can be traced back to the works of Gauss and Galois has played a part in various branches of mathematics. Due to the applicability of the concept in other topics of mathematics and sciences like computer science there has been a resurgence of interest in finite fields and this is partly due to important applications in coding theory and cryptography. Applications of finite fields introduce some of these developments in cryptography computer algebra and coding theory. A finite field or Galois field is a field with a finite order (numb…
The theory of finite fields whose origins can be traced back to the works of Gauss and Galois has played a part in various branches of mathematics. Due to the applicability of the concept in other topics of mathematics and sciences like computer science there has been a resurgence of interest in finite fields and this is partly due to important applications in coding theory and cryptography. Applications of finite fields introduce some of these developments in cryptography computer algebra and coding theory. A finite field or Galois field is a field with a finite order (number of elements). The order of a finite field is always a prime or a power of prime. For each prime power q = p there exists exactly one finite field with q elements up to isomorphism. This field is denoted GF(q) or Fq. If p is prime GF(p) is the prime field of order p; it is the field of residue classes modulo p and its p elements are denoted 0 1 ... p−1. Thus a = b in GF(p) means the same as a ≡ b (mod p). Let F be a finite field. As for general fields a non-constant polynomial f in F[x] is said to be irreducible over F if it is not the product of two polynomials of positive degree. A polynomial of positive degree that is not irreducible over F is called reducible over F. Irreducible polynomials allow us to construct the finite fields of non-prime order. In fact for a prime power q let Fq be the finite field with q elements unique up to isomorphism. A polynomial f of degree n greater than one which is irreducible over Fq defines a field extension of degree n which is isomorphic to the field with q elements: the elements of this extension are the polynomials of degree lower than n; addition subtraction and multiplication by an element of Fq are those of the polynomials; the product of two elements is the remainder of the division by f of their product as polynomials; the inverse of an element may be computed by the extended GCD algorithm (see Arithmetic of algebraic extensions).
Sep 08 2003 · ...
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